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What a New York Wedding Film Actually Costs in 2026, and What the Money Buys

14 min read

Wedding videographer cost in NYC runs from $1,250 for a short single-operator commission to more than $20,000 for a directed feature. The headline number tells you almost nothing on its own. What separates the ends of that range is crew size and hours on site, how the vows and toasts are recorded, and then how many weeks the film spends in an edit suite. Rights and retention come into it too, though almost nobody asks about those until later. This guide prices each of them against what eighteen New York studios publish.

One benchmark before you read another pricing page. The Knot’s Real Weddings Study puts the national average at $2,300, and Zola’s index at $3,993. Both sit at or below where several New York studios start, so the national figure is a floor here, not a forecast.

$1,500Lowest published New York starting price reviewed, New York Wedding FilmsThe Knot
$2,300National videographer average, from 10,474 couples surveyedThe Knot 2026 Real Weddings Study
$3,300The Knot's national upper quartile, below where several New York studios startThe Knot 2026 Real Weddings Study
$20,000Highest itemised package reviewed, ReloomVR LegacyReloomVR wedding packages

Who this guide is for

  • Couples comparing proposalsYou are trying to avoid two specific failures: paying a premium for something a cheaper studio would have matched, and under-buying on the one deliverable that cannot be recreated.
  • Planners building a defensible line itemYou need a base and a realistic all-in, the triggers for an overage, and an answer to why that studio is three times the price of this one.
  • Families with privacy requirementsYou need the cost lines nobody publishes: non-publication, NDAs that bind subcontractors, where the edit happens and how long the archive is kept.
  • Less relevant ifAnyone wanting a single number to budget againstThere is no New York average that survives contact with a proposal. This page gives you the structure that produces the number instead.

What does a NYC wedding videographer package include?

Five things, four of which appear on a package page. Hours on site, crew size, how audio is recorded, how many weeks the film spends in an edit, and what rights and retention terms you end up holding. Everything else on a quote is a consequence of those five, which is why two studios can price the same wedding an order of magnitude apart and both be telling the truth.

Coverage hours

Start with hours, because everything else is priced against them. Six hours of coverage ends somewhere in the middle of dinner, and ten reaches the last song. The difference is not incremental, because the back half of a wedding is where the unguarded moments live, once the formality has worn off and people have stopped performing for the camera.

You can watch this priced in real time. Garrett Museau publishes a clean hourly ladder in which every step delivers the same object: an 8-12 minute highlight film, a private online gallery with unlimited sharing and downloads, plus a gallery app. A USB comes on request. It is the most transparent view anyone gives you of what an hour of a filmmaker’s Saturday costs.

Garrett Museau's published hourly ladder, identical deliverable at every step
CoveragePublished price
4 hours$1,250
5 hours$1,500
6 hours$1,750
8 hours$2,250

Source: Garrett Museau collections

That is about $250 an hour at the margin, for output that does not change. Garrett Museau also prices peak and off-peak dates identically, so there is no Saturday-in-June premium, which is rare enough in this market to earn a shortlist place on its own if your date is fixed to a Saturday in autumn.

Coverage time also reaches the edit. Another hour on the floor creates more media to ingest and synchronise, and then to store, so an hourly extension is never only another hour of standing in the room.

Crew

Crew is the next line, and it is more straightforward. One operator can film the aisle or your partner’s face. Not both. A second shooter is the difference between having the reaction and hearing about it afterwards. At the upper tiers a third covers a separate room, a separate ceremony, or the parents’ table while everyone else follows the couple.

The aisle and the reaction to it cannot be covered by one person. This is the frame a second operator exists for.ReloomVR, Izzy and Shane.

Studios draw the line at different guest counts and they publish it. Letty Way Films recommends an additional videographer above 100 guests; Dulcigno sets that threshold at 170. Neither is wrong, and the two numbers describe different working styles. If you are planning for 250, note that neither studio’s standard package was built for your room and price the addition in now, because discovering it on the day is the expensive version of the same conversation.

Audio

The least discussed and most consequential line. Vows recorded on a camera microphone from twenty feet away are unusable, and no edit rescues them. Independent recorders on both partners and the officiant, plus a feed from the board for toasts, is what makes a film you can listen to with your eyes closed. Garrett Museau’s FAQ spells this out, which few studios bother to do: tiny button microphones hidden in the clothes. When somebody explains that much unprompted, they have usually thought about sound before you asked.

The toast. Couples replay the audio of this far more often than they rewatch the footage of it.ReloomVR, Ashly and Janusz.

Edit time

This is where the money goes, and it is invisible on a wedding day. A music-only highlight is a few days of work. A directed feature is weeks in a suite: story structure, a proper colour grade, and a sound mix where the room’s own ambience survives underneath the score. You are renting the suite, not the Saturday.

The kit is the cheap half. The weeks after the wedding are the expensive one.Photo by Bruno Massao on Pexels (Pexels License).

Rights and retention

The line almost nobody quotes and everybody eventually cares about. Who owns the raw media, whether you can have it, what it costs to get, how long the studio keeps it, and whether the studio may publish your wedding. These have prices and they are negotiable. They are also dramatically cheaper to settle before you sign than after. There is a full section on them below, because for a private family they are frequently the deciding numbers.

How much does a wedding videographer cost in NYC, tier by tier?

Entry packages buy one person filming, limited hours, a short finished film. Middle tiers add a second operator, clean isolated recordings of vows and speeches, and longer edits. Boutique tiers add film formats, a named lead responsible for the work, and real post-production time. Above that, pricing stops being a menu and becomes a proposal. Most studios in that band will say so on a first call if you ask directly.

Published New York wedding film tiers and what each scope contains
TierPublished rangeWhat the buyer receivesStudios publishing here
Entry$1,250-$2,600One operator, a highlight edit, digital delivery, four to eight hoursGarrett Museau from $1,250, New York Wedding Films from $1,500, Dulcigno from $1,599 own site, Le Image from $2,599
Established$2,600-$4,500Two operators, a full-length film plus a highlight, isolated ceremony and toast audio, a longer dayKosta Nekrasov from $2,350, 550Park from $3,250, Dulcigno Forever Luxury at $3,299, Letty Way packages from $3,700
Boutique$4,500-$8,000Two or three operators, a feature edit, colour grade and sound mix, often Super 8 or film stockLetty Way from $4,500, FeatherSouls from $4,999, Arrakis Films at $3,500-$5,890
Upper boutique$7,500-$15,500A larger crew, several viewing formats, a senior lead, extended post-productionFeatherSouls own-site bands, Letty Way The Collective at $11,000-$15,000, Arrakis photo and film at $6,800-$11,190
CommissionPriced by proposalDirected production, a guaranteed senior lead, multi-camera coverage, weeks of post, archival deliveryChristian Oth Studio, Brian Dorsey Studios, Ray Roman Films, CinemaCake, Little Robin, Panomatics VR

Source: Studio websites and marketplace listings linked in this article, read August 26, 2026

The tier that surprises people is the last one, and the absence of a price there is information, not obstruction. Those studios are proposing a commission instead of selling a package, and the proposal follows a conversation about the venue, the scope, the shape of the day. Knowing that before you spend an hour on a call matters more than a number would.

Do not read the inverse as a downgrade. Arrakis Films publishes its full range and its founders arrived from festival cinema and commercials for Adidas, Nutella and Mercedes. 550Park publishes a starting figure and caps the year at roughly fifteen weddings. Published pricing tells you about a business model, and it says nothing at all about the ceiling on what that studio can make.

The editorial look commission-tier houses are priced for, and the light that takes a crew to hold.Photo by alirezamani wedding team on Pexels (Pexels License).

Why the advertised wedding videographer price is not the quote

This next part took us a while to work out, and it is the thing we would most want somebody to tell us. A studio’s platform listing and its own website often quote very different numbers, and the gap is not an error. The platform figure is a discovery number that exists to survive a filter, usually describing the narrowest possible engagement: an elopement, a short weekday booking, an off-peak date. The studio’s own figure describes the work it wants to do.

The same three studios, read on the same day, on two surfaces
StudioMarketplace listingThe studio's own site
Dulcigno Wedding FilmsFrom $1,000 on ZolaCheapest published package $1,599
FeatherSouls FilmsFrom $4,999 on ZolaInquiry form's lowest budget band is $7,500 and above
Arrakis FilmsNo from-price on the platforms checkedVideo $3,500-$5,890, photo and film $6,800-$11,190

Source: Marketplace listings and studio websites, read August 26, 2026

FeatherSouls is the clearest case in this guide. Its inquiry form asks you to self-select into $7,500 and above, $10,500 and above, or $15,500 and above before you have spoken to anyone. That form is telling you where the work lands, and I would say so on a call. The $4,999 on the marketplace is telling you the door is open. In practice, find the number on the studio’s own domain for anyone you are seriously considering, and read the platform figure as the lowest door into the building.

One further wrinkle, and it catches people out. The same studio can carry different review counts on different listings: Garrett Museau’s videography profile on Zola shows 5.0 across 16 reviews, while the photography listing on the same platform shows 4.9 across 63. Same team, same work, two profiles. If review volume is part of your judgement, check that you are looking at all of it.

NYC wedding videographer pricing, studio by studio

Studios publishing full package detail

Garrett Museau Photography and Cinematography publishes the hourly ladder above, charges the same rate peak or off-peak, and includes raw footage at no extra charge in its Cinematography and Label Reserve collections. Most studios treat raw media as a paid add-on or decline it entirely, so getting it complimentary at the entry tier is unusual. They film in 4K on Sony cinema bodies including the FX3 and offer livestreaming, and their current work is posted on Instagram. Factor in the geography: Berlin, New Jersey is South Jersey, closer to Philadelphia than to Manhattan, though the studio’s published position is that it does not apply inflated destination rates.

Dulcigno Wedding Films publishes four tiers from a Tribeca base: Forever Starter at $1,599 for six hours and a three to four minute highlight, Forever Pearl at $2,299 for eight hours with dialogue, ceremony and speeches, and Forever Luxury at $3,299 for ten hours with a reception events edit and aerial where permitted. Read the crew line carefully, because each of those packages specifies one camera operator running two to four bodies. For an intimate wedding, one calm person in the room is a feature. For a ballroom with simultaneous getting-ready suites it is a constraint, and the studio’s own guidance is to add an operator above 170 guests. Editing is in-house, a certificate of insurance is available to your venue on request, and one clause deserves reading: they state they cannot film outdoors in rain, snow or hail. Recent full films are on YouTube.

Letty Way Films publishes something almost nobody else does, because it is the only studio here publishing peak and off-peak rates side by side. The Garden runs $6,000 to $7,000 peak against $5,000 to $6,500 off-peak for ten hours with a second shooter, full ceremony, speeches, dances, a teaser, a highlight, raw footage. The Collective, a photo-and-film commission with a team of three, runs $13,000 to $15,000 peak against $11,000 to $13,000 off-peak. That delta is roughly 10 to 15%, or about $2,000 on the flagship. No other studio here will tell you that in writing, and most of them price it anyway. Her recent work is on Instagram.

Studios publishing a starting figure

FeatherSouls Films has the strongest published policy detail in the boutique tier: same-day and next-day editing with an editor working on set, all footage edited in-house, a certificate of insurance available to your venue, and delivery by private link only, with the stated position that nobody without that link can see your film. Founder Andrii Didyk has, by the studio’s own count, filmed more than 700 weddings, and the studio now caps the year. Current films are on Instagram.

Arrakis Films publishes video at $3,500 to $5,890 and combined photo and film at $6,800 to $11,190, and says what moves the price: coverage hours, one videographer or two, drone, and Super 8. Both founders shoot and edit personally, which is why photographs arrive within a month and the film runs four to six. One correction, because the old number still circulates: Arrakis does not start at $2,990. The floor on their own website is $3,500.

550Park Luxury Wedding Films publishes from $3,250, and the relevant cost fact is the constraint behind it, not the number. The founder caps the year at roughly fifteen weddings and fifteen elopements and edits every film personally, framing that explicitly in terms of privacy: your unedited footage does not travel to a third-party contractor. At this level you are buying scarcity and a named pair of hands, and both are priced in.

New York Wedding Films lists flexible packages from $1,500 for documentary coverage that is small and portable, with a second shooter available. Reviewers consistently describe fast turnaround where the industry norm can run past a year. For a small, well-observed wedding this is the best value per dollar on the page.

Le Image lists from $2,599, though the model behind it is the interesting part. Everything is published on their site and configured through a build-your-own-package tool, and the studio is openly critical of the industry habit of asking your guest count and venue so they can work out what to charge you. For anyone who suspects they are being quoted a venue premium, that position alone justifies the call. Payment is staged: a published example runs 20% at booking, 30% at six months and the balance before the day.

Kosta Nekrasov lists from $2,350 as a single operator working handheld, in Super 8 and Super 16 as well as digital, and also shoots proposals and stills, which is handy to know a year out, when a proposal film is the thing you want.

Studios pricing by conversation

Christian Oth Studio, Brian Dorsey Studios, Ray Roman Films, CinemaCake Filmmakers, Little Robin and Panomatics VR publish no pricing and quote after understanding the day. Two of them are interesting for structural reasons, not aesthetic ones. Brian Dorsey Studios runs photography and cinematography as one team with one creative language, which removes a contract and a handoff, and a negotiation over the same three feet of floor. Little Robin’s base packages carry unlimited hours, two videographers, drone and United States travel, and for a multi-day or multicultural celebration unlimited hours is a very different cost structure from an hourly ladder.

Live Picture Studios quotes after a complimentary consultation and offers raw footage as standard instead of as a paid extra. CraigFilm publishes 360 VR wedding packages from $595 out of Athens, Georgia, along with a policy requiring you to state your budget before they quote.

What makes wedding videography more expensive in New York?

Six things move a New York quote a long way. They are listed here in rough order of how much money each one represents, though the order shifts depending on the wedding.

Your date is the largest single lever most couples never pull. Letty Way publishes a peak and off-peak delta of roughly 10 to 15%. Studios that do not publish it still price it, so ask about a Friday, a Sunday or a January date explicitly. Note also that Garrett Museau charges the same either way, which is itself a reason to shortlist them if your date is locked to a Saturday in October.

Crew count follows guest count, and the published thresholds are 100 at Letty Way and 170 at Dulcigno. Above those numbers you are adding an operator and the studio will say so. Below them you may be able to remove one, though not every studio will agree to it.

Raw footage varies more than any other line: complimentary at Garrett Museau, standard at Live Picture Studios, an add-on in one Letty Way package, and available on request at most others. Families sometimes want every frame for reasons that have nothing to do with the edit. Establish the price at contract. Asking at delivery is more expensive, and occasionally the media is already gone.

Coverage hours run about $250 at the margin in the entry tier and more as crew size rises. If something has to go, let it be an hour of getting-ready and not an hour of the reception.

Travel shows up as a 50-mile radius from the New York City metropolitan area in near-identical wording across several listings, which suggests a platform template and not an individually drafted term, so confirm it in the contract you are signing.

Same-day edits run roughly $1,500 to $3,500 in this market per Wezoree’s New York videographer guide. FeatherSouls staffs an editor on set to produce one. It is a spectacular piece of theatre, and it pulls a person off the floor for hours.

Guest count matters less than people assume for the base fee. Room complexity does far more to the number. A wedding of 300 in one ballroom is easier to cover well than 90 spread across a garden, a library and a terrace.

The hidden wedding videography costs nobody publishes

For families with a public profile or a large, observant guest list, the following are frequently the deciding numbers, and none of them appears on a package page.

Publication rights are a line item. This is what you are paying to keep off a feed, if that is what you want.ReloomVR, Izzy and Shane.

Non-publication. Most contracts grant the studio the right to publish your images and film for portfolio and marketing. If you do not want your wedding on Instagram, that has to be struck out or narrowed before you sign. Some studios agree readily. Some price it, because your wedding is valuable marketing and you are asking them to forgo it. A few decline. All three responses are legitimate, and finding out which you are getting is a five-minute conversation that becomes significantly harder after the deposit clears.

NDAs and crew vetting. Ask whether the studio will sign one, and whether second shooters and assistants are employees or subcontracted freelancers who would also need to. This is a real cost driver, because a studio using freelancers may need to pay a premium to secure the same crew under an agreement.

Where the edit happens. FeatherSouls, Dulcigno, Letty Way and Garrett Museau all state publicly that editing is done in-house. 550Park makes the same commitment and frames it explicitly as privacy. Outsourced editing is common in this industry and rarely disclosed. Ask the question directly if it matters to you, and get the answer in writing.

Archive retention. How long the studio keeps the raw media, where it lives, what it costs to retrieve in year five. Some galleries expire after twelve months. Ask what happens then, and ask what deletion costs if you ever want it.

Multi-event coverage. A New York luxury wedding is frequently three to five events across a weekend. Almost nobody publishes multi-day pricing, and per-event rates are usually well below the wedding-day rate. Ask for the whole weekend as one commission instead of pricing the events one by one. It is nearly always cheaper and always better, because the crew arrives on the wedding day already knowing your family.

Overtime, gratuity and vendor meals. Establish the overtime rate, the increment it is billed in, and who is authorised to approve it on the night. This is the most common source of post-wedding invoice disputes and it is entirely preventable with one line in the contract, and it is the one I would fix first. Neither gratuity nor a vendor meal is a courtesy at a ten-hour day.

Building the NYC wedding videography budget line

Quote two numbers, not one, and benchmark against the right market. Zola’s own guidance notes that service charges, gratuities, overtime, weather contingencies typically add 9 to 15% beyond vendor quotes across a wedding budget, and videography is not exempt.

Building a videography line a client can hold you to

  1. Price the crew the run of show needs

    Step 1

    Simultaneous getting-ready suites, two ceremonies or a separate room means a second or third operator. Letty Way publishes its threshold at 100 guests; Dulcigno sets the same line at 170. Neither is a rule for your room.

  2. Buy hours to the last essential moment, then stop

    Step 2

    Work backwards from the last thing that has to be on film, not forwards from the arrival time. About $250 an hour at the margin in the entry tier makes the getting-ready window the cheapest thing to cut.

  3. Protect ceremony and speech audio before anything else

    Step 3

    Independent recorders on both partners and the officiant, plus a board feed. This is the one failure no edit repairs, and it is a small fraction of the quote.

  4. Elect the rights terms at contract stage

    Step 4

    Raw media, publication rights, NDA scope, archive retention. Every one of these is cheaper now than after delivery, and two of them can become impossible later.

  5. Add the all-in allowance and quote both numbers

    Step 5

    Overtime allowance, travel if applicable, gratuity and vendor meals. Zola puts hidden costs at 9 to 15% across a wedding budget. Give the client a base and a realistic all-in, and name what triggers the gap.

Two more operational notes, because the thing that goes wrong on the day is never the thing on the risk list. Get the certificate of insurance request in early: FeatherSouls, Dulcigno, Letty Way and others state publicly that they will issue one on request, so ask for the lead time they need and route it before the 30-day mark. And watch the weather clause, because multiple studios in this guide state they will not film outdoors in rain, snow or hail. For a tented or garden wedding, have that conversation at the contract stage, because four o’clock on the day is far too late to be having it, and I have watched it happen.

Is a wedding videographer worth the cost?

Yes, if you want moving pictures, original voices and complete sections of the ceremony or reception. A content creator is the better buy when immediate vertical clips are the actual goal, and a photographer is the better choice for framed stills. The three outputs overlap and none replaces the other two.

Only about 37% of couples hire a videographer, per The Knot’s study of 10,474 couples married in 2025, which makes it one of the most-skipped major lines in a wedding budget. Separately, roughly one in five couples now hires a content creator for same-day vertical footage, and several studios here have absorbed it instead of fighting it: Letty Way bundles complimentary phone content into her flagship packages and Le Image offers content creation as a service line. If social clips are what you want, say so, because it is a much cheaper thing to buy.

The statistic is not really the argument, though. Photographs preserve faces, while film preserves voices, and voices are what go first. Most people cannot summon the exact sound of a grandparent’s laugh five years on: the memory holds the shape of it and loses the thing itself. A wedding film is, among other things, an audio archive of everyone you love at one of the few moments they were all in a room together.

One caveat. A talented newer studio’s highlight film beats no film at all by an enormous margin. If something has to give, give up hours before you give up the film, and give up peripheral hours before you give up ceremony audio or the second angle the run of show requires.

ReloomVR 360 wedding video pricing, compared on the same terms

We publish our own figures here because the rest of this page asks everyone else to.

ReloomVR published wedding packages

The Core
$7,500Seven hours, two VR videographers, AURA-BOT on the day, link delivery and one pre-loaded headset.
The Keepsake
$10,500Nine hours of coverage.
The Legacy
$20,000Full-event coverage, three VR videographers, link delivery and five pre-loaded headsets.

An additional pre-loaded headset is published at $975, in cream or orange.

A highlight cut arrives in about two weeks and the chaptered final in six to eight, on the condition that the agreed review owner returns feedback. Travel is arranged separately from the studio at 530 7th Avenue, New York.

For context against the tiers above, that entry figure sits alongside FeatherSouls’ lowest own-site band and above Letty Way’s flagship film package. We would rather make that comparison ourselves than leave you to find it.

What it buys is not a better version of a cinematic film. It is a different object: the room itself, preserved, so that a decade from now someone can stand in it and look wherever they like. It also has a cost that a cinematic film does not. Immersive 360 removes the editor’s framing entirely, which means no close-up on your mother’s hands and no held two-beat on a face. Most of our couples commission a traditional film as well, and we recommend it. If your budget reaches only one of the two, commission the film.

One thing is specific to the format, and you should put it to any immersive provider, ourselves included: 360 records everyone in the room continuously, including people who did not consent to being on camera in a moment they assumed was private. Ask how that is handled. People rarely do, and they should. We publish no client’s name, venue or footage without permission on file.

Operational proof also needs more than a package page. Before a planner recommends any immersive studio, ask for an anonymised incident record from a live event: what failed, what the backup path was, what coverage was lost, what the client received, what changed afterwards. No page establishes that. You find it out by asking.

What to settle with your wedding videographer before you sign

Every one of these is cheaper now than after delivery

Where to go from here

Published prices move, and marketplace listings move faster than studio pages. We re-check the figures on this page each quarter and send the changes that would alter a shortlist.

One email a month at most. No vendor promotions, and you can leave in a click.

Source notes

Frequently asked questions about NYC wedding videography costs

New York wedding film pricing questions

Why is wedding video more expensive in New York than the national average?

The national figure pools short bookings from every market in the country. New York adds borough-to-borough transit that consumes billable hours, higher crew rates, venues with real access restrictions and longer days. The Knot’s national upper quartile is $3,300, below where several New York studios start. Treat it as the bottom of the range here, and not as a prediction.

Which number should I trust, The Knot's $2,300 or Zola's $3,993?

Neither describes the New York market on its own, and the gap between them is the instructive part. The Knot surveys what couples paid, including short and single-operator bookings. Zola models fuller package costs. Both agree that videography runs around 8% of a total wedding budget and that photography and videography together warrant 10 to 20%. Use the proportions as a sanity check and ignore the dollar figures.

How much does moving to an off-peak wedding date save?

Roughly 10 to 15% at Letty Way Films, the only studio in this review publishing both rates clearly, which works out at about $2,000 on the flagship photo-and-film package. Most other studios price the difference without publishing it. If your date has any flexibility, ask every studio on your shortlist for their off-peak figure against identical hours, crew, deliverables. It is the single question that moves the most money on this page.

What should a wedding videography deposit be?

Published retainers and payment schedules vary enough so the cancellation and rescheduling language is where your actual exposure sits. One published example runs 20% at booking, 30% at six months and the balance before the day. Confirm when each payment becomes non-refundable, what happens if the venue or date changes, and whether the balance is due before the wedding or before delivery.

Is a same-day edit worth commissioning?

Only when screening a film during the reception is part of the event plan. Wezoree places the New York add-on at roughly $1,500 to $3,500, and the work requires an editor on site for hours. If there is no planned screening, a second operator or a stronger full edit usually produces more useful coverage for the same money.

Can we get the raw footage, and what does it cost?

Sometimes, and it varies more than any other line. Garrett Museau includes it in two collections, Live Picture Studios offers it as standard, Letty Way includes it in some packages and charges for it in another, and most others supply it on request. Confirm the price, file type, delivery drive and retention period in the contract. A late request may be impossible if the source media has been deleted.

Should we bundle photography and film with one studio?

Bundle them when the combined team has strong work in both disciplines and one production owner will coordinate the day. The published combined packages here, Arrakis at $6,800 to $11,190 and Letty Way’s Collective at $11,000 to $15,000, do generally beat two separate commissions. Separate studios are better when your preferred photographer and filmmaker have distinct strengths. One contract reduces handoffs; it does not guarantee equal craft.

How much should we allocate overall?

Work backwards from the deliverables instead of applying a national percentage. Price the crew the run of show requires, enough hours to reach the last essential moment, ceremony and speech audio recorded properly, the edits you will watch, the rights you need. Then add the known travel, privacy, overtime, delivery terms. That reframing produces a better decision than any rule of thumb.